I can't seem to find enough API information

Developer Programs Writing SmartApps
15

You can also use device.currentValue(attribute) where attribute is one of the attributes you identified.

This is from Docs > Reference Material > Class Definitions > Device

if (!device) {
    log.debug "Device not found"
} else {
    log.debug "device attributes ${device.supportedAttributes}"
    log.debug "device switch value ${device.currentValue("switch")}"
}

You can also use device.currentState(attribute) then access one of the properties of the state class. For example:

def state = device.currentState("switch")
log.debug "time: ${state.date} value: ${state.value}"