Pretty much you can do exactly this. You can use Keen air vents to have the vents close when each room reaches ideal temp and keeps heating all other rooms until they reach that temp.
You can use CoRE to set it all up or if you get an ecobee you can use
[RELEASE] Initial Setup for Ecobee3, Smart-SI, EMS, Smart-02 thermostats - My Ecobee Device
And the smart apps he made that help make it a little easier to set up.
With those and the temp sensors you can automate the heating of the whole house and even heat specific rooms if no one has been in and room for a while (no reason to heat up guest room if not having guest for a while)
On top of that you can use